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Information on filing Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy in Rhode Island & Eastern Massachusetts from Attorney Mark Buckley.

Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Filing in Rhode Island: How Long Will It Take?

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Chapter 7 Bankruptcy filings take how long to complete in Rhode Island?

Let’s pretend you filed a Rhode Island Chapter 7 bankruptcy case today. If you did, your case would come to an end in about 90 days. What happens during that time?

Let’s examine a typical Chapter 7 filing in RI:

  1. You complete your first education course on-line, or over the phone. It takes about 60 minutes and is easy.
  2. Your bankruptcy lawyer obtains a bankruptcy-specific version of your credit report.
  3. Your 50 page bankruptcy petition is filed electronically with the RI Bankruptcy Court in Providence.
  4. A Chapter 7 trustee (another lawyer) is assigned to review your petition.
  5. Your attorney sends your tax returns and pays advice information to the court/ trustee.
  6. The Bankruptcy Court Noticing Center contacts each creditor listed in your petition.
  7. You complete your second debtor education course which takes 2-3 hours.  Also very easy.
  8. Once your course is completed, your attorney files a certificate of completion with the court.
  9. A 341 meeting of creditors is scheduled 30-35 days into the process.  Hearings take place in Providence.
  10. You attend the meeting of creditors to answer common questions from the assigned trustee.
  11. If your property is exempt (protected), the trustee files paperwork with the court saying you have been examined and there is no property to distribute to creditors.
  12. If you have assets that are unprotected, the trustee will collect the property for later distribution to creditors.
  13. Around day 90, your dischargeable debts are wiped out and your case is over (if no creditor has contested your case.)

It’s easier to understand the Chapter 7 bankruptcy timeline if you divide it in thirds. If you filed your case today, you would have to attend a creditors meeting in 30 days.  Then, if no creditor contests your case and your trustee doesn’t need to distribute any assets, your case is over 60 days after the hearing.

I realize it is stressful to think about filing for bankruptcy.  If handled correctly, however, there is nothing to worry about.  I have represented more than 3,000 clients over the past 21 years.  If you can answer my questions honestly and completely before the bankruptcy petition is filed, you will be amazed how fast and straightforward bankruptcy can be.  I have never filed a bankruptcy petition that was not approved by the court.

A 341 meeting of creditors typically lasts 5 minutes or less.  It is not a court room.  There is no judge, jury, or really anything you would associate with “court”.  Honest debtors are literally out the door in a matter of minutes.

14 Lies About Bankruptcy

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Search the words “bankruptcy”, or “filing for bankruptcy”, or even “Rhode Island bankruptcy lawyer” on the internet and you will discover a subject surrounded by a confusion and misinformation.

However, if you are drowning in debt, it becomes crucial to separate fiction from fact. Is bankruptcy as bad as your creditors would have you believe? Let’s analyze a few of the charges leveled at bankruptcy to find the truth.

Myth 1:  Under The NEW Bankruptcy Law….There’s No More Help (or It’s Too Late To File)

Nothing could be further from the truth. Despite what you may have heard from the press, this claim is completely unsupported. In reality, you can do almost as much (and in some cases, more) under the new law as you could under the old law. Many clients are actually making out better under the new law than they did under the old.

Myth 2:  Everyone Will Know You Have Filed For Bankruptcy

This is another falsehood. The average person can obtain a financial fresh start without the world ever finding out: chances are the only people who will know about your RI Chapter 7 filing are the people you decide to tell. Although it is true that your bankruptcy is a matter of public record, the number of bankruptcies filed yearly is so massive that the possibility of anyone knowing you filed is extremely remote.

It is crucial to note the importance of not telling others of your bankruptcy filing. Like divorces and cancer, financial problems makes good gossip, and if you tell one person, you tell the world. Unless you actually want your friends and family to know you filed for bankruptcy, keep it under your hat.

Myth 3:  You Will Lose Everything You Have

Most of my clients don’t lose anything. Every state, including Rhode Island and Massachusetts, has its own set of exemptions that protect various kinds of property under bankruptcy. For example, Rhode Isand’s exemption laws protect a person’s house, car, truck, household goods, furnishings, retirement plans, IRAs, wages, personal injury claims, and cash value in life insurance. In most cases, creditors will not require the signing of a reaffirmation agreement to keep secured property.  Even if you have more property than can be covered by available exemptions, filing for the slightly-more-expensive Chapter 13 bankruptcy allows you to keep your property.

Myth 4:  You Will Never Be Able To Own Anything Again

No matter how many people believe this myth, it too is untrue. If anything, bankruptcy actually helps you get back on your own feet financially. In the future you will be able to buy, own, control and possess whatever you can afford, and if you are able to come up with the money for it, there is no law preventing you from buying homes, cars, trucks, equipment, household goods, et cetera.

Myth 5:  You Will Never Get Credit Again

The opposite is true: filing for bankruptcy leaves you in a better position to get credit than not filing. This is because filing for bankruptcy eliminates debt. Once your debt is behind you, you look more attractive to banks and credit card companies. In fact, it probably won’t be long before you start getting credit card offers-which is a mixed blessing because you don’t want to get right back into debt all over again.

Banks, credit card companies and other lenders might charge you higher interest rates at first, and will demand more money in down payments, but if you are financially responsible and keep your job, the quality of your credit will only improve as time goes by. In most cases, if a client has not re-established good credit after 3 years, it is not because he filed bankruptcy; something else must have happened to disrupt his credit.

Myth 6:  Filing Bankruptcy Means You’re a Bad Person

On the contrary, filing bankruptcy is a sign of financial responsibility.

Filing RI bankruptcy helps remove certain debts so you can take better care of your family, freeing your loved ones from the constant threat of unpaid bills and harrassing bill collectors.

Over 750,000 families file for bankruptcy relief every year. The majority of these are industrious, honest, law-abiding people who have simply fallen on hard times-whether it be job loss, family emergencies, medical difficulties, failed businesses, or otherwise. Bankruptcy laws were created with such unforeseen circumstances in mind, in order to allow families trapped under crushing mountains of debt to make a fresh start for themselves.

Myth 7:  Filing Bankruptcy Will Hurt Your Credit For 10 Years

To believe this myth is to confuse two entirely different concepts. The fact that a bankruptcy filing is reported on your credit report for up to 10 years does not mean that you will have no credit, or bad credit, for 10 years. In reality, filing for federal debt relief might not actually have a negative effect on your credit score at all.

Generally speaking your credit is already a mess-or maxed out-by the time you make an appointment to see a bankruptcy attorney. More than likely you have very little or no credit for bankruptcy to hurt.

Myth 8:  If You’re Married…Both You and Your Spouse Have To File For Bankruptcy

Thousands of cases exist in which husbands or wives filed for bankruptcy separately from each other. While it is sensible for a husband and wife who both have a lot of debt to file for bankruptcy together, doing so is never a legal requirement.  If there is not enough debt in both spouse’s names, I will only file for the spouse who actually needs help.

Myth 9:  It’s Really Hard To File For Bankruptcy

With an experienced bankruptcy attorney, filing for bankruptcy is far from difficult. In all honesty, the most difficult part of filing for bankruptcy is making the decision to do so. After that decision is made, filing bankruptcy in Rhode Island should be a straightforward process.

Myth 10:  Only Deadbeats File For Bankruptcy

Most who file consumer bankruptcy do so in order to protect their family from financial ruin. The majority of people who file for debt-relief are hardworking individuals who resort to filing as a last-ditch attempt to deal with large bills. Life-changing experiences like divorce, job-loss, failed businesses, illness, and unforeseen emergencies can happen unexpectedly.  As a step to free your family from crushing debt created by these events, bankruptcy is a noble act.

Compare this to the real definition of a deadbeat: someone who lets himself get deeper and deeper into debt each year, allows creditors to abuse him, and pays his hard-earned money to those creditors while his family suffers.  His house falls apart, his car falls apart, his life falls apart, his family falls apart.

He doesn’t seek to fix his situation because he doesn’t care. “Deadbeats” don’t file for bankruptcy: financially responsible people who care about their families do.

Myth 11:  Even If You File For Bankruptcy, Creditors Will Still Harass You and Your Family

The moment you file bankruptcy, an order called the “automatic stay” is issued by the Rhode Island Bankruptcy Court. This order is a grave warning that tells your creditors to leave you alone. The automatic stay prohibits you from all collection actions and even prevents your creditors from being allowed to talk to you. Creditors must cease all new collection attempts and halt all collection attempts they have already started. Their failure to do so gives you the right to take your creditor to court. Bankruptcy Court Judges are not friendly to violators of the “automatic stay.” In essence, creditors can either leave you alone or suffer the consequences: many Bankruptcy Court Judges have been known to issue severe punishment on offending creditors.

Think about the peace of mind you will have once you file for bankruptcy protection. No more collection letters, phone calls, repossessions, lawsuits, or threats of foreclosure from hungry creditors. You are protected by the “automatic stay”and have the full force of the bankruptcy court system backing you.

Myth 12:  If You File For Bankruptcy, It May Cause More Family Troubles and May Even Lead To Divorce

Filing for bankruptcy does not cause family troubles-not being able to provide for your family does. Stress and anxiety in the family are the products of the symptoms, not the cure. When unpaid bills loom, creditors can knock at the door, and nothing can be done about it.  In this environment, families will experience tremendous levels of pressure. If this pressure is allowed to continue for long, it can lead to family rifts and even divorce.

Bankruptcy, by its very nature, is designed to remove this pressure by destroying debt. Once the burden of debt is removed, stress lowers and your family can breathe easy again. Filing for bankruptcy can be an important first step in re-building relationships strained by financial hardship.

Myth 13:  You Can Only File Once For Bankruptcy Protection

Under Chapter 7 bankruptcy law, you can get a “discharge” once every eight years, allowing you to file for debt relief again if necessary. The wait is even shorter under Chapter 13, where it is only six years.

Myth 14:  You Can Pick and Choose Which Debts and Property To List In Your Bankruptcy

Unfortunately, this is not only impossible, but illegal. You must list all of your property and all of your debts when filing for bankruptcy. One of the prime reasons people want to leave out a debt is because they want to continue paying it off. However, the same result can be achieved under bankruptcy. Bankruptcy does not prohibit you from paying back whoever you like. In fact, in some cases you need to continue paying certain debts under bankruptcy-if you want to keep cars, trucks, or houses you owe money on, for example, you must continue paying off your debt.  You are protected under law and are able to keep the property for as long as you stay current on these loans.

Bottom line:  Knowledge is power. And in these days of financial instability, economic turmoil, and rampant debt, knowledge about your financial options is crucial to keeping your family and possessions secure.  Wouldn’t you prefer to know the truth about bankruptcy than remain in the dark about your options?  Before you come to your own personal verdict, make sure you know enough information to make a responsible decision.

The sad truth is that myths and ignorance are a creditor’s best friends.

Debt Settlement Plans: Part II

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You’ve tried calling each credit card company to work out a debt settlement plan, but they aren’t interested.  Interest rates have only skyrocketed in the past year.  The bills keep coming and you are drowning in debt.

What if your “minimum payments” on credit cards add up to $ 1,000 a month?  Few debtors can honestly afford repaying such a high amount without using other cards for their daily living expenses.  It becomes a game of robbing Peter to pay Paul.

It would seem like a miracle for a “credit counseling” company to get your payments down to $750 per month by decreasing your interest rates.  Who wouldn’t want to save $ 250 a month?  Although saving $250 per month may sound good at first, here is the bigger question.  Do you honestly even have the $ 750 available?

If you can only afford $300 a month, a plan that requires you to pay $750 per month will not do you much good. You are still in debt. For this reason, “credit counseling” companies and “debt management” companies focus exclusively on the amount of savings they offer, rather than whether you can actually afford your payments.  Many clients who ended up filing bankruptcy in Rhode Island wasted thousands of dollars on unrealistic repayment plans first.

Added to the misleading nature of “debt management” company claims are hidden fees and fraud. Consumer Reports claims that

” Many [“debt management” companies] advise rolling high-interest debt into a second mortgage. But by using your house as collateral for what was unsecured debt, you risk losing your home. Some firms can persuade creditors to cut your debt. But if you miss payments they can later back out of the deal and demand full payment, potentially landing you in bankruptcy court after you’ve already paid a large portion of your debt.”  Consumer Reports online report, June 2005.

Filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy offers a straightforward, honest, effective alternative to the misinformation propagated by “debt management” and “credit counseling” companies. Federal bankruptcy laws were created by Congress for the purpose of helping hardworking citizens pay off their debts.  Unlike DMPs, bankruptcy actually reduces both interest and debt. In fact, bankruptcy is the only way to completely eliminate a debt.

Bottom line: Before you look into signing up for an unrealistic debt management plan, consider consulting a qualified Rhode Island bankruptcy lawyer.

The Truth About Debt Settlement Plans: Part I

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Is debt settlement a realistic option?  As a Rhode Island Bankruptcy lawyer, I get calls daily from families who are struggling with excessive credit card debt.  If the credit card debt is less than $ 8,000, I rarely suggest bankruptcy as the solution, unless there is additional non-credit card debt that makes debt repayment impossible.

In every debt consultation, however, I ask what other solutions have been attempted to repay debt.  Then the stories of debt settlement attempts and debt management plans begin.  Many have paid large sums of money to finance a debt settlement plan that failed.  Hundreds and thousands of dollars were wasted on unrealistic plans that were doomed from the start.  Why does this happen to so many people?

The term “debt settlement plan” is a misleading one.  Most of the Rhode Island advertisements I have seen for this kind of debt settlement plan—whether on the internet, on television, or in phone books—are placed by “debt management” companies, also known as “credit counseling” companies. Despite their name, most of these companies only aim to get you to sign up for what they call “debt management plans” (DMPs) and do not give actual advice on credit. What you might not know is that credit card companies sponsor DMPs in order to collect money from you. In essence, then, “credit counseling” companies serve as bill-collectors for credit card companies.

The debt settlement advertisements run by these “credit counseling” companies are misleading as well. For example, when ads claim that DMPs will “reduce your debt by 60%,” they may lead you to believe that they will actually reduce the amount of your debt. However, the most a “credit counseling” company can do is reduce the interest on your credit card—and not by much. In reality, you still must pay your entire debt along with most of the interest. Ultimately, “debt settlement” plans do anything but do away with your debt.

Additionally, when setting you up with a “debt settlement plan,” “credit counseling” companies often fail to take all your expenses into account. This is usually because the plan they offer you is far more expensive than what you can afford to pay. Thus, although they promise to eliminate debt, DMPs do not bring you any closer to making ends meet. In fact, almost 90% of DMPs tank before completion. All said and done, the hope offered by DMPs is nothing but a scam—lowering the interest rates on your credit card by a few points is far from a financial fix.

What’s worse, “debt management” plans actually damage your credit. As part of an arrangement called “fair share,” credit card companies are paid a percentage of the amount that the “debt settlement” company collects from you. Thus, the more you pay a “debt settlement” company to get yourself out of debt, the more of your money goes to pay off the credit card companies. And as long as these companies can continue to milk you, they will—regardless of whether you can afford your plan or not.

One Caveat:  For those who only need help with budgeting, and have a modest amount of debt that can be reapaid comfortably in 24 months or less, I am the first to recommend a call to a local office of Money Management International.

Rhode Island Bankruptcy Law: Myths vs Reality

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Who files bankruptcy in Rhode Island and why ?

Recent studies show that since 2008 the number of bankruptcies filed by those making more than $60,000 per year has increased by 6.9%. With filings up 36.5% from what they were this time last year, many blogs and commentators are labeling America’s current economic condition a recession for the middle class.  I can say that this is true for Rhode Island as well.

Many myths surround bankruptcy. One of these myths is that filing Chapter 7 is just an “escape route” for the financially irresponsible. Another is that filing Chapter 7 is only what truly poor people do.  These bankruptcy myths  , however, are easily refuted.

In fact, the economic recession has hit the Rhode Island real estate profession particularly hard. Today, more and more real estate developers and real estate agents are filing for bankruptcy protection due to the collapse of the housing bubble in the Ocean State.

Rhode Islanders have two basic bankruptcy options

Different kinds of bankruptcy exist for specific situations. For instance, Chapter 7 bankruptcy is usually filed by unemployed workers, or those whose income dropped due to loss of overtime.  Chapter 7 filers must show that their gross income during the prior 6 months is lower than the median income of other similar sized Rhode Island households. Although a Chapter 7 bankruptcy erases most debts, it limits the amount of property a debtor is entitled to keep.

Because the RI and Federal exemption laws protect a vast array of property, very few Chapter 7 debtors lose any property in the process.  Put your fears to rest by contacting a qualified Rhode Island attorney.  He will explain what property can be protected and what cannot.  In most cases, you will lose nothing.

If you have alot of property, and are unable to protect all of it in a Chapter 7 filing, a Rhode Island Chapter 13 bankruptcy allows you to pay equity above available exemptions to unsecured creditors. That way, you can keep your property if you can afford to do so. Chapter 13 creates a three to five-year payment plan for people who still earn a living (or have some regular source of income.) The payment plan consists mostly of secured debts such as car and mortgage payments. Also, unlike a Chapter 7 bankruptcy which requires up-front payment for attorney fees, Chapter 13 attorney fees can be part of the payment plan.

Debt-Settlement Scams and Tax Consequences

A word of warning to those considering debt-settlement firms instead of filing for bankruptcy: don’t. Although many debt-settlement companies pose as credit-saving alternatives to bankruptcy, most end up doing more harm to your credit than filing for bankruptcy would. This is because creditors will continue to report your missed payments to credit bureaus—even if you are in a “debt-settlement” program.

Also, settling debt for less than the full amount owed will trigger a 1099 statement reported to the IRS.  In other words, you are walking into a tax liability.  Interestingly, bankruptcy has shown to improve most client’s credit scores.  It does so by stopping negative reporting and immediately improving your debt to income ratio.

Another problem with debt settlement firms is that they are subject to very little regulation. Debt settlement firms demand payment up front before all debts are settled. This means they have little incentive to settle a debt completely after they have already been paid. In short, “debt settlement” is far from guaranteed. Compare this with bankruptcy, an organized legal process with pre-defined results.

Timing is key when considering filing bankruptcy in Rhode Island. You must be careful to not file bankruptcy too early or wait too long. Instead, start by calculating your debts and estimating what it would take to pay it off on your own. If the amount is too large, or would require you to sacrifice your family’s basic needs to make a dent in your debt load, then consult an experienced consumer bankruptcy attorney.

If you have missed even one mortgage payment, car payment, or credit card bill, you need advice now.  You don’t need to wait for your car to get repossessed or your mortgage to get foreclosed. Use your head, remain calm, and remember that bankruptcy is powerful and can restore order to a financial mess.

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